Ntp time servers

About time synchronisation. Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for synchronising time over a network. Basically, a client requests the current time from a server, and uses it to set its own clock. Behind this simple description, there is a lot of complexity. There are three tiers of NTP servers; tier one NTP servers are ...

Ntp time servers. A typical NTP client regularly polls one or more NTP servers. The client must compute its time offset and round-trip delay. Time offset θ is positive or negative (client time > server time) difference in absolute time between the two clocks. It is defined by = + (), and the round-trip delay δ by = (), where t 0 is the client's timestamp of the request packet …

MC1000 NTP Time Server. Accurate timing across your network. A secure stratum one time source behind your firewall. Flexible synchronisation options to combat GPS jamming. High stability TCXO for increased accuracy when unsynchronised. Reliable performance. The MC1000 NTP time server provides secure synchronised timing for your network.

server 2.asia.pool.ntp.org. server 3.asia.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP, please see our information ...server 2.br.pool.ntp.org. server 3.br.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP, please see our information for ... server 2.asia.pool.ntp.org. server 3.asia.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP, please see our information ... NTP Server. The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a mechanism for synchronising the time on computers. When the full NTP implementation is used, it is capable of maintaining the same time on two computers with an accuracy of around 1 ms - 30 ms despite the varying delays in internet propagation. Further information about …GPS NTP time servers provide networks with an accurate time reference for precisely setting the system time on servers, workstations, routers, telephone systems, CCTV cameras and other network infrastructure. There are however a large number of internet based time servers located in Australia that …server 1.kr.pool.ntp.org. server 1.asia.pool.ntp.org. server 2.asia.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP ...The stratum indicates how close to the "absolute time" the NTP server is. Zero is the source of time, like a GPS device or atomic clock. Stratum 1 is the server that connects to the absolute clock source (stratum 0) and provides its time info to other clients and servers. Stratum 2 is a server that gets its time info from the stratum 1 server ...

5 days ago · The stratum indicates how close to the "absolute time" the NTP server is. Zero is the source of time, like a GPS device or atomic clock. Stratum 1 is the server that connects to the absolute clock source (stratum 0) and provides its time info to other clients and servers. Stratum 2 is a server that gets its time info from the stratum 1 server. server 1.in.pool.ntp.org. server 2.in.pool.ntp.org. server 3.in.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP ... server 2.uk.pool.ntp.org. server 3.uk.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP, please see our information for ... The T550 provides an accurate time reference to computer networks of any size and can accurately synchronize any NTP or SNTP compatible system. Highlights. NTPv4 Stratum-1 GPS\Multi-GNSS Network Time Server. Multi-GNSS concurrent reception of GPS and either GLONASS, BeiDou or Galileo for improved reliability and …GPS / GNSS, NTP Time Server, NTP Slave, NTP Client, NTP Time Synchronization, GPS Primary Reference (PRC) Clock ITU-T G.811.TimeTools T300 is a cost-effective, highly accurate, standalone NTP server. It provides a reliable source of time for synchronizing client computers on a Local Area Network (LAN). The appliance receives very precise timing signals from the GPS system to synchronize within a few microseconds of UTC. It can …

Actually, the command ntpq -c "rv 0 clock" ntp.ubuntu.com will return the time of the server in standard format : this is the result from ca.pool.ntp.org : There are a few different options for querying an ntp server now that ntpdate is …Accurate, Reliable And Easy To Use NTP Time Servers And Clocks. Synchronize Operations, Improve Customer Service. Galleon Systems ’ Time Synchronization Products Provide Your Organization With Precise Time. NTP Time Server. NTP servers that receive time from an accurate source and deliver it to your network …Mar 12, 2023 · NTP home - the website about ntp The NTP Pool DNS server uses GeoIP data from MaxMind to help choose an NTP server from the Pool. Meinberg, makers of incredibly fine time server systems. The Public servers abuse and the Fixing the NTP server abuse problem threads on the comp.protocols.time.ntp newsgroup have caused this project to be started ... NTP clients and servers synchronize to the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) timescale used by national laboratories and disseminated by radio, satellite and …In order to ensure data reliability and minimize the risk of data loss, it is essential for database administrators to regularly perform full backups of their SQL Server databases....

Sstp vpn.

Đây là nguồn đồng hồ tham chiếu cho các server Stratum 2. Các máy tính này còn được gọi là time server. Các server Stratum 1 (với NTPv3 hay trước đó) có thể không hoạt động với độ chính xác của cấp Stratum 1; Stratum 2 : Là các máy tính gửi các yêu cầu NTP đến cho server Stratum ...List of Top Public Time Servers. Raw. Top_Public_Time_Servers.md. Google Public NTP [AS15169]: time.google.com. time1.google.com. time2.google.com. …GPS NTP+PTP Network Time Server with 10Mz Reference Frequency Output (TM2500C) $ 799.99. The TM2500C is the newest addition in the NTP/PTP GPS time server product line with the same great features, improved holdover accuracy, and reliability of the TM2000, but includes additional reference output capabilities …Jul 25, 2562 BE ... When viewing the logs, port 123 traffic is allowed outbound, but does not appear that any client is recieiving the reply. I have no other known ...server 1.es.pool.ntp.org. server 2.es.pool.ntp.org. server 3.es.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP ...

server 2.id.pool.ntp.org. server 3.id.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP, please see our information for ... NTP server; poll interval; time /T outputs the current system time. Note: w32tm /query was first made available in the Windows Time client versions of Windows Vista, and Windows Server 2008. See Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Share. Improve this answer. Follow edited Dec 21, 2014 at 14:13. Pacerier. 27.2k 88 88 gold …The more time servers there are in the pool, the lower the resource demand on each member. Joining the pool requires at least a broadband connection to the Internet, a static IP address, and accurate time from another source (for example, another NTP server, a DCF77 receiver, a WWVB receiver, or a GNSS receiver).The NTP appliance receives the time signal via a GPS antenna, which needs to be in clear, 360° view of the sky and is sealed to IP65 standards. An additional time source – radio – is also available for WWVB, MSF or DCF time signal. The NTP server then delivers the time received to the devices on your network via an … server 2.uk.pool.ntp.org. server 3.uk.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP, please see our information for ... The observed timing jitter or variation between clock pulses of time with the configured NTP server. A value closer to 0 is ideal. refid-> the peer/remote host’s upstream time source to which it is synced. For instance, other ntp servers, or gps/radio clock. This column may also display the NTP Kiss-o-death codes.NTP server traceability daily measurements of the offsets of our NTP servers with respect to UTC(AUS) WebTimer traceability Coming soon; Publications selected publications from Time and Frequency; Old ftp server archive; Information about the files in each directory and their formats can be found in README.txt files in each …Mar 14, 2554 BE ... ... Server และ PC ภายในระบบ network จึงมีความจำเป็นที่จะต้องตั้งเวลาให้ตรงกัน โดย โปรโตคอลมาครฐานที่เป็นที่นิยมใช้คือ NTP (Network Time Protocol). NTP ...

server 1.nl.pool.ntp.org. server 2.nl.pool.ntp.org. server 3.nl.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP ...

Network Time Protocol (NTP) is an Internet standard protocol which enables client computers to maintain system time synchronization to the US Naval Observatory Master Clocks in Washington, DC and Colorado Springs, CO. NTP runs as a client program on a computer. It sends periodic time requests to one or more servers, obtaining server time … server 1.se.pool.ntp.org. server 2.se.pool.ntp.org. server 3.se.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP ... More time servers needed! NTS is a relatively young protocol, with only a small selection of NTS-capable time servers currently available. If you are interested in reliable time, please consider upgrading your existing NTP time server to also support NTS. It would be great if more official timekeeping sites, universities, and …All used servers are evaluated for a consistent time. In case of disagreements, the largest set of agreeing servers (truechimers) is used to produce a combined reference time, thereby declaring other servers as invalid (falsetickers). Usually it takes about five minutes (five good samples) until a NTP server is accepted as a …server 0.at.pool.ntp.org server 1.at.pool.ntp.org server 2.at.pool.ntp.org server 3.at.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that …The public can now access the time service through the Internet Time Server of the Observatory at stdtime.gov.hk. The server supports NTP, SNTP, Time and Daytime internet protocols. Besides, IPv6 users may also access NTP service through time.hko.hk. To make use of the time service, a synchronization software has to be installed on your computer.Most current time sync protocols such as NTP compensate for this delay. The server is situated in Randpark, Johannesburg, South Africa, permanently online to the Internet on a Telkom ADSL line via upstream ISP; MWEB South Africa. NTP v4 (to RFC1305), SNTP and the earlier 'Time Protocol' (to RFC868) are supported at …

Americu credit union online banking.

Appfolio login property manager.

NTP home - the website about ntp The NTP Pool DNS server uses GeoIP data from MaxMind to help choose an NTP server from the Pool. Meinberg, makers of incredibly fine time server systems. The Public servers abuse and the Fixing the NTP server abuse problem threads on the comp.protocols.time.ntp newsgroup have caused this project to …server 1.kr.pool.ntp.org. server 1.asia.pool.ntp.org. server 2.asia.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP ...Netnod provides the following Internet time servers (Stratum-1) which are public and can be reached at: Göteborg: gbg1.ntp.netnod.se gbg2.ntp.netnod.se. Luleå: lul1. ntp.netnod.se lul2. ntp.netnod.se. ... Anycast address for nearest NTP server of the above: ntp.netnod.se. Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE)NTP server mode. If setting up an NTP server, check that you have orphan mode enabled, so that, in case it loses internet access, it will continue serving time to the network; enable orphan mode using the tos configuration parameter (you can set up to stratum 15) so that it will never be used unless internet access is lost: tos orphan 15server 2.africa.pool.ntp.org. server 3.africa.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP, please see our ...The NTP Pool DNS server uses GeoIP data from MaxMind to help choose an NTP server from the Pool. Meinberg, makers of incredibly fine time server systems. The Public servers abuse and the Fixing the NTP server abuse problem threads on the comp.protocols.time.ntp newsgroup have caused this …svl2.ntp.se. The NTP service is free to use for anyone anywhere. The NTP servers use a custom-build FPGA-based hardware implementation for responding to the NTP requests, using IPv4 or IPv6, unsigned or signed, at a full line-rate speed of 10Gb/s per interface. They use 1PPS and 10MHz signals from the local time scales to achieve high accuracy ... server 2.asia.pool.ntp.org. server 3.asia.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP, please see our information ... TimeTools T300 is a cost-effective, highly accurate, standalone NTP server. It provides a reliable source of time for synchronizing client computers on a Local Area Network (LAN). The appliance receives very precise timing signals from the GPS system to synchronize within a few microseconds of UTC. It can … ….

GPS NTP time servers provide networks with an accurate time reference for precisely setting the system time on servers, workstations, routers, telephone systems, CCTV cameras and other network infrastructure. There are however a large number of internet based time servers located in Australia that … server 2.hk.pool.ntp.org. server 3.hk.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP, please see our information for ... In today’s digital age, email has become an essential part of our personal and professional lives. Whether you are sending important business communications or staying in touch wit...NTP server; poll interval; time /T outputs the current system time. Note: w32tm /query was first made available in the Windows Time client versions of Windows Vista, and Windows Server 2008. See Windows Time Service Tools and Settings. Share. Improve this answer. Follow edited Dec 21, 2014 at 14:13. Pacerier. 27.2k 88 88 gold …NTP secondary (S2), PC/FreeBSD ntp.exnet.com 194.207.34.9 Yes ExNet Ltd, London, UK NTP secondary (stratum 2), Sun-4/Unix audaxsystems.co.uk 193.201.200.83 Yes Interhouse London E14 NTP V4, SuSE 9.0 (Stratum 1) ntp1.sandvika.net 194.164.127.5 No Telehouse Europe, London E14 NTP V4 … server 1.za.pool.ntp.org. server 2.za.pool.ntp.org. server 3.za.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP ... server 2.uk.pool.ntp.org. server 3.uk.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP, please see our information for ... See full list on ntppool.org Server virtualization allows for more than one server to operate on the same piece of hardware. Learn more about server virtualization at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement Server comput... Ntp time servers, server 1.sk.pool.ntp.org. server 2.sk.pool.ntp.org. server 3.sk.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP ... , About NTP Network Time Protocol, Time Servers and Sychronised Time. NTP is widely used to synchronise the time on computers on the internet. NTP provides the ability to access time services, organise the time synchronisation subnet and adjust the local clock in each participating subnet computer. Typically, NTP provides …, In today’s digital age, email has become an essential part of our personal and professional lives. Whether you are sending important business communications or staying in touch wit..., Sep 8, 2564 BE ... MarcelWaldvogel commented on Dec 31, 2021 · The CloudFlare servers · The netnod.se/ntp.se servers operated by NetNod (I have not found the ntp., Global — pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP, please see our information for vendors ., Cloudflare’s time service will allow users to connect to our Network Time Protocol (NTP) server that supports Network Time Security (NTS), enabling users to obtain time in an authenticated manner. Anyone with a client supporting NTS can obtain secure time by pointing their client to time.cloudflare.com.If you would like to learn more, read our …, server 1.fr.pool.ntp.org. server 2.fr.pool.ntp.org. server 3.fr.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP ..., server 2.lv.pool.ntp.org. server 3.lv.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP, please see our information for ..., NTP Project is a network of researchers and developers who work on NTP, a protocol to synchronize the clocks of computers over a network to a common timebase. …, The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is one of the most accurate and flexible means of sending time over the Internet. It can be used by almost any type of computer. The protocol is …, Once you decide which NTP server to use, tell Ubuntu to update its time against that server daily by typing: sudo vi /etc/cron.daily/ntpdate. And insert (press the “i” key) a line that says: #!/bin/sh. ntpdate 10.0.1.2. And save it (by typing “:wq”) Now make it executable: sudo chmod 755 /etc/cron.daily/ntpdate., server 0.tr.pool.ntp.org. server 2.europe.pool.ntp.org. server 3.europe.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses ..., NTP (network time protocol) is a protocol for clock synchronization in computer systems described in RFC 958. It is based on the connectionless UDP protocol (port 123) and belongs to the internet protocol family. For the synchronization process, NTP relies on coordinated universal time (UTC), which is obtained from the individual clients …, With the formalities over, here are the vital stats on the server: Server : ntp.time.org.za, using ntp v4 Location : Midrand (JHB), South Africa Synch : NTP Primary (GPS receiver clock, Trimble Ace-II w/PPS), Unix Access : Anybody in South Africa providing stratum-2 service Contact : Tiaan van Aardt (see below) Notes : …, server 2.bg.pool.ntp.org. server 3.bg.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP, please see our information for ..., svl2.ntp.se. The NTP service is free to use for anyone anywhere. The NTP servers use a custom-build FPGA-based hardware implementation for responding to the NTP requests, using IPv4 or IPv6, unsigned or signed, at a full line-rate speed of 10Gb/s per interface. They use 1PPS and 10MHz signals from the local time scales to achieve high accuracy ..., A time server is a server computer that reads the actual time from a reference clock and distributes this information to its clients using a computer network. The time server may be a local network time server or an internet time server. The most important and widely used protocol for distributing and synchronising time over the Internet is the Network Time …, About time synchronisation. Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a networking protocol for synchronising time over a network. Basically, a client requests the current time from a server, and uses it to set its own clock. Behind this simple description, there is a lot of complexity. There are three tiers of NTP servers; tier one NTP servers are ..., server 2.hk.pool.ntp.org. server 3.hk.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP, please see our information for ..., 微軟Microsoft - NTP Server time.windows.com 參考資料: Windows作業系統, 預設之自動校時同步伺服器 ... , In today’s digital age, it’s easy to take for granted the complex systems and networks that power our computers. One important aspect of this infrastructure is the server, a critic..., 微軟Microsoft - NTP Server time.windows.com 參考資料: Windows作業系統, 預設之自動校時同步伺服器 ... , server 1.in.pool.ntp.org. server 2.in.pool.ntp.org. server 3.in.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP ... , The NTP Pool DNS server uses GeoIP data from MaxMind to help choose an NTP server from the Pool. Meinberg, makers of incredibly fine time server systems. The Public servers abuse and the Fixing the NTP server abuse problem threads on the comp.protocols.time.ntp newsgroup have caused this …, To use this specific pool zone, add the following to your ntp.conf file: server 1.th.pool.ntp.org. server 3.asia.pool.ntp.org. server 1.asia.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available ... , server 0.europe.pool.ntp.org. server 2.europe.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP, please see our ..., Public Time Server Lists: Browse or search for a public primary or secondary time server. NTP mailing lists: Includes postings going back to June, 2003. Links to the current NTP documentation, documentation archives for older NTP releases, and additional informational resources., With the formalities over, here are the vital stats on the server: Server : ntp.time.org.za, using ntp v4 Location : Midrand (JHB), South Africa Synch : NTP Primary (GPS receiver clock, Trimble Ace-II w/PPS), Unix Access : Anybody in South Africa providing stratum-2 service Contact : Tiaan van Aardt (see below) Notes : …, Are you tired of relying on third-party email providers for your business? Perhaps you’re concerned about the security and privacy of your communication. In that case, it’s time to..., In today’s digital age, it’s easy to take for granted the complex systems and networks that power our computers. One important aspect of this infrastructure is the server, a critic..., GPS NTP Network Time Server (TM1000A) The TM1000A is a simple NTP GPS network time server. It is a cost-effective solution that makes Stratum 1 time synchronization possible across your network. 5% Discount when ordering 5-9 of a single model. 10% Discount when ordering 10 or more of a single model., NTP time server - DTS 4132. The multipurpose device DTS 4132 is a network masterclock and time reference for NTP clients in medium and large networks with up to 2 network ports (IPV4/IPV6). With its high-precision and intelligent concept for redundant operation it offers a high degree of reliability and availability., server 2.br.pool.ntp.org. server 3.br.pool.ntp.org. In most cases it's best to use pool.ntp.org to find an NTP server (or 0.pool.ntp.org, 1.pool.ntp.org, etc if you need multiple server names). The system will try finding the closest available servers for you. If you distribute software or equipment that uses NTP, please see our information for ...