Grade deflation colleges

A 60 in 11th (in any school in any country) will hurt you at at least T30s (overall and for your major) and in super competitive majors like Cs and engineering. Fact of the matter is, the competition is too high and there are students who still make at least a 90 in 11th even with notoriously severe grade deflation.

Grade deflation colleges. MIT vs. Princeton Grade Deflation. Colleges and Universities A-Z. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1000PaperCranes August 19, 2010, 6:20pm 1 <p>Both schools are famous for their difficult courseload, but in which school, is it harder to get a higher GPA? </p> <p>Just fyi, I know I haven't gotten in either, but I'm curious.</p> ...

Avoid JHU and UChicago because of deflation. Reply reply ... I've never seen someone post looking for colleges with grade inflation in the hopes of attending them to raise chances of post-grad study šŸ˜‚ Harvard, all of them, have been accused of grade inflation by some. I would really not count on this however, and certainly not use it as a ...

Explain some difficulties such as you wanting to get into college. Tell them how you think the college that you want to attend feels about this grade. The teacher might curve your grade. Sometimes teachers here give you a 5 point bonus paper. Ask the teacher ways that you can bring your grades up.Because I plan on going for an MBA after and grade deflation will just add a burden to competing with kids with 4.0 GPAs from notoriously grade-inflated schools.</p>. <p>If it makes a difference, my major is business. So Marshall School of Undergraduate Business.</p>. Arctic92 April 9, 2013, 4:06am 2. <p>In Marshall, all classes are curved to a ...some only give a 4.0 for a 98-100, not the traditional 90-100. some strong pre-med schools just don't give a's. EXCEPT for truly exceptional work, meaning the top grade in a class could be a B. Penn, Duke, Austin College, Wash U, etc. seem, AND I MAY BE WRONG! have this reputation.Realistically, no, there's no "boost" for going to a school that deflates grades. It's my understanding that grad schools fully know which schools have grade deflation - University of Chicago, Princeton etc and will take this into consideration when considering an application. For example, Reed College sends out an explanation of their ...Colleges around the nation have inflated grades for years, allowing students some slack and higher grades. Purdue, ranked as one of the toughest grading colleges in the country, does not

The formula ranked each college according to how its students perform on the standardized law board exam, the LSAT, and how common a certain ... with unofficial grade deflation through gently recommended curves. Google the NYT article.</p> Shalashaska64 December 11, 2008, 12:06pm 47 <p> [quote] Its no coincidence that these two schools ...8 Jan 2022 ... ... colleges (if they matter): https ... Grading Breakdown 23:12 Is there deflation? ... Reacting to the art supp video I made for UChicago and other ...Top public universities like Berkeley, Anne Arbor, and Chapel Hill are tough. Boston College has a reputation for being relatively easy. Harvey Mudd- very tough. I agree that Cornell and Chicago are tough, and believe that Hopkins is also. ... Princeton is also known for ā€œgrade deflation,ā€ but I remember reading that the workload there is ...An A is a grade reserved for a master of a subject, unlike high school where you could semi-know a subject and get an A." On College Confidential, MIT has a reputation among engineering schools -- which are notorious for their extreme emphasis on advanced problem solving and intricate mathematical logic -- for lower GPAs due to grade deflation.<p>I doubt you could convincingly argue for grade deflation at top schools, including Chicago, Cornell, and Princeton. At best they merely may not inflate grades.</p> ... [National</a> Trends in Grade Inflation, American Colleges and Universities] ...

Grade inflation has infected nearly every college across the country. Although student handbooks, for example, typically define a B as ā€œgood,ā€ students widely consider a B to mean ā€œbad.ā€Colleges and Universities A-Z. Wellesley College. TerrarumOrbis April 18, 2007, 10:28am 1 <p>Hello all!</p> <p>I'm quite excited to have been admitted to Wellesley as a transfer student for the fall! ... but I feel like even though there is signifigant grade deflation at Colgate, at least here there's not a superimposed curve.</p> <p>Also, the ...The pre-med track at Colgate is probably more unwieldy than it needs to be, and certainly more so than at many other colleges, and yes, there is grade deflation through out, but offsetting that are some unique features that will make you a better med school candidate and perhaps, at the end of the day, a better physician.It doesn't really have grade inflation but you can still graduate with a 4.0. Reply. Emergency_Charge6026. ā€¢. If I'm managing a 4.0 UW and 4.35 W at HS and taking mostly tough classes, do you think I can study minimally and work on a business and get 3.7+? Reply. jmjf7. ā€¢. The difficulty of high schools varies widely.

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Boston University is notorious for its grade deflation...so is it actually real? I go around campus and ask the people most affected: the students. See what ...Grade Inflation/Deflation. Colleges and Universities A-Z Northwestern University. Eightfold April 13, 2014, 6:22pm 1. <p>Just out of curiosity, does northwestern have a reputation for grade inflation or deflation? I know privates like Harvard are notorious for its inflation and schools like Princeton and UChicago have deflation.Lergnom August 8, 2011, 7:48pm 9. <p>Iā€™d guess the median and average are pretty similar and are somewhere over 3.1. between 3.1 and 3.3. Thatā€™s based on grade averages for a variety of colleges and universities.</p>. <p>Iā€™m sorry to say I am one of those worry-warts, those grade-grubbing, all-they-care-about are grades people.<p>Anyone asking about "grade deflation" is almost certainly defining that as "relative to other schools", not "relative to 1990 grading standards", or "rate of change in average GPA's over time", which is, more or less, the definition as coined (maybe) by the guy who makes a study of this subject at the website of the same name.Elite schools such as Princeton, UChicago, and Columbia were known for a very heavy workload and grade deflation. The grade deflation has largely gone, but the heavy workload remains. In contrast, Harvard and Yale can be as easy or as difficult as the student wants to be, only subject to the required courses for the major.Dec 12, 2016 Ā· @doschicos, yes, I saw and read those pages before but it was unclear to me.My interpretation was that up to four courses at Haverford could be taken pass/fail as long as they were taken just as electives only toward the total number of course credits required to graduate, BUT if a course was taken pass/fail and then the student wanted to count it toward a distributional requirement, the grade ...

Jul 25, 2022 Ā· From the 1970s to the 1990s, the share of students leaving college with a degree steadily declined. But according to a paper in the American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, the trend since then has taken a turn for the better. Authors Jeffrey T. Denning, Eric R. Eide, Kevin J. Mumford, Richard W. Patterson, and Merrill Warnick documented a ... laurenrp December 29, 2012, 1:38am 4. <p>very rare. Iā€™m a middler who skipped most freshman requirements. the only class Iā€™ve had ā€œdeflatedā€ (it actually ended up inflating my grade when put on a bell curve) was an upper level junior/senior biolgy course I took this semester. most classes inflate grades. for byb organic chemistry 1 &2 ...<p>Iā€™m still trying to decide which UC to go to, and UC Davis is open to me(as in I am admitted).</p> <p>Someone told me UCD has grade inflation issues and the average gpa is 2.9 while Cal is 3.2 and UCSD is 3.0 and UCD doesnā€™t give you much time to study for your finals as much as Cal and UCSD. </p> <p>Also the same person told me ā€¦If you search for grade deflation, you'll come up with a bunch of threads, including multiple where I've commented. Answer is: yes, there is grade deflation. 100% true. I've advised other pre-med focused students that if they want to prioritize getting As/a "perfect" GPA, that BU may not be the right school for them. You CAN get a very good GPA at BU if you work really, really hard ...Colleges and Universities A-Z. ... 2014, 6:22pm 1 <p>Just out of curiosity, does northwestern have a reputation for grade inflation or deflation? I know privates like Harvard are notorious for its inflation and schools like Princeton and UChicago have deflation. Also, which majors have the most inflating/deflating gpas?</p> ...Grade Deflation at UF. Grades. Hello! I am an upcoming freshman at UF, but I was offered the transfer option at my dream school, so I opted to attend an instate school as the tuition is already covered by Bright Futures! In order to keep my transfer option, I have to maintain at least a 3.0 GPA and take required courses like Bio 1, Chem 1 ...^^by definition, some school (of the ~3,000 four year colleges) has to have the highest mean GPA. Why not an Ivy League school? hahahaha. The only school on this list which has grade deflation is Cornell and thatā€™s only in the engineering schoolā€¦Hamilton. 32-34. Barnard. 31-34. As an opinion, it might be counterproductive to your goals to continue pursuing Barnard considering the quality of your current acceptance. With respect to grades at Hamilton, with time, effort and interest, you should expect some combination of A's and B's in your classes there.So yes, grade deflation can either be seen as a big problem for a pre-med student or as a kind of "reality check" on how hard it is to actually gain entry into medical school. ... Colleges for a 1600 SAT Colleges for a 1550 SAT Colleges for a 1500 SAT Colleges for a 1450 SAT See more. SEARCH ACT SCORESSee gradeinflation.com Almost all schools have had grade inflation. William & Mary has actually had grade inflation, like most other schools and the average GPA from the most recently measurement was 3.33, which is essentially the same as UVA at 3.32. Average GPAs at more selective schools tend to be higher than less selective schools.

In the most recent survey (fall 2014 admissions cycle), 79.2% of responding colleges and universities gave "considerable importance" to grades in students' college-prep classes, compared to ...

Boston University (BU) is a private research university in Boston, Massachusetts.BU was founded in 1839 by a group of Boston Methodists with its original campus in Newbury, Vermont, before being chartered in Boston in 1869. It is a member of the Association of American Universities and the Boston Consortium for Higher Education.. The university is nonsectarian, though it retains its historical ...Grade Deflation . Advice ... r/ApplyingToCollege is the premier forum for college admissions questions, advice, and discussions, from college essays and scholarships to SAT/ACT test prep, career guidance, and more. Members Online. Weighted GPA ScaleSomething to keep in mind: Research experience will matter a lot more than the (slight) difference in GPA from going to a school with grade inflation vs. grade deflation when it comes to graduate school admissions. Even then, as others have said, engineers aren't known for having great grades anywhere . Look into opportunities to get involved ...merc81 January 5, 2021, 9:08am 2. Reed in most ways represents the qualities associated with a top-level college education (as one indicator, see first link below). With respect to potential drawbacks and uncertainties, Reed's curriculum is fairly narrow (e.g., no geosciences department or creative writing concentration) for students who ...Is this really the case? and if it is the case, how does grade deflation/inflation work? TIA! College Confidential Forums BS grade deflation. Prep School Admissions. ... Every college that any BS student applies to understands the rigor and grading that student is coming from, and every student finds a place at a great college table that is a ...<p>I am a big fan of liberal arts college, (Amherst and Swat) so I am definately leaning toward being swattie.</p> <p>However, one thing that really bothers me is what we call a grade deflation at swarthmore.</p> <p>I was top 1 percent student at my high school (other top 1 percent went to princeton williams amherst ) and i went to Emory for my ...Latin honors are awarded on the basis of the final cumulative grade point average, and the standards are announced each Spring. Summa cum laude graduates comprise the top 2% of the class, magna cum laude the next 10%, and cum laude the next 20%. The grade point averages required to meet these levels are determined by the Dean, who assesses the ...proudterrier March 20, 2016, 11:16pm 4. If you search for grade deflation, youā€™ll come up with a bunch of threads, including multiple where Iā€™ve commented. Answer is: yes, there is grade deflation. 100% true. Iā€™ve advised other pre-med focused students that if they want to prioritize getting As/a ā€œperfectā€ GPA, that BU may not be the ...

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I personally wouldn't worry about the so-called "grade-deflation" problems. Yes, people in BU do talk a lot about this (even among professors!), but if you work hard to get around a 3.6-3.7 you should be in good shape after you graduate.</p>. Aztec09 November 11, 2007, 2:40pm 7.fencersmother March 10, 2010, 10:06am 4. <p>I know there are several people who are medical doctors and Hillsdale grads. But I would strongly recommend you talk to the pre-professional counselors at H.C. They can give you exact numbers, schools attended, etc. It is my experience that the undergraduate educational institution is not that ...The only school on this list which has grade deflation is Cornell and that's only in the engineering school and a couple of other programs- certainly not Psych in Arts and Sciences. ... ^^by definition, some school (of the ~3,000 four year colleges) has to have the highest mean GPA.tilly26 January 28, 2007, 6:50pm 9. <p>A lot of the humanities and social sciences classes are slightly inflated, but 4.0's are really rare. From my experience, it's not difficult to pull a decent or good grade (B+s and A-s are really common) but it's pretty hard to get an A.</p>. <p>Most science and math courses, though, especially large ...Hello Hoos, Would anyone mind giving their opinion about the grading system at UVA. In your opinion, do you feel like UVA practices grade inflation or deflation at the CAS. </p> <p>Thanks</p>Food-grade barrels are plastic drums that are safe for storing and transporting human foods and potable water. Here are some places you can purchase food-grade barrels for a variet...Just be glad you're not at Georgia Tech with its 3.06. Or dream about Brown and its 3.59 (due to its liberal pass/no pass option on many courses). And Swathmore, despite its reputation, saw a median GPA of 3.53 in 2009, which would equate to about 3.49 in 2006 (grades inflate 0.14 each year on average). MIT per the same rate of change ...Grade deflation is the school-wide policy that stipulates that 100- and 200-level classes with 15 students or more must have a class average GPA of 3.33, or a B+. The deflation policy, which was started in 2004, was enacted to cut down on the amount of A's that are given, which was a result of the hyper-inflation of grades over the past few ...Other colleges have experimented with grade deflation or rationing of As, but changes as radical as those are unlikely to be implemented soon. Instead, I think sunlight is the best disinfectant.<p>princeton actually has grade deflation right now, to make up for all the inflation over the past years</p> frutiaspice November 28, 2007, 5:22am 4 <p>From what I've heard, most ivy league schools with the exception of cornell has some amount of grade inflation. ... Some colleges give out written evaluations instead of grades.[/ul]</p> ...Last modified on Sun 13 Aug 2023 21.30 EDT. Disadvantaged students are likely to bear the brunt of grade deflation when this year's A-level and GCSE grades are published, according to experts ...The corresponding article stated that the cum laude cutoff for the class of 2017 was a 3.80, which indicated that 30 percent of students graduated with this or a higher GPA. Similarly, top liberal arts colleges often have grade inflation. Earlier this year, Williams College faculty voted to begin weighting an A+ as a 4.33 instead of a 4.00. ā€¦.

I've been going through many threads and articles that detail how there have been "signs" of grade deflation depending on your professor, but that these have been mostly restricted to some intro classes and a sign of BU not inflating as much as other colleges. ... but that these have been mostly restricted to some intro classes and a sign ...22 Jun 2016 ... It urged departments to award A's for no more than 35 percent of course grades. But by 2014, it ended its decade-old grade deflation policy, ...Grade Inflation/Deflation. Colleges and Universities A-Z Northwestern University. Eightfold April 13, 2014, 6:22pm 1. <p>Just out of curiosity, does northwestern have a reputation for grade inflation or deflation? I know privates like Harvard are notorious for its inflation and schools like Princeton and UChicago have deflation.Your research & publications, LORs, and performance in upper level electives are much more critical than your overall GPA or GRE scores for grad school admission. Professional school (med, dental, vet, law, business) is another matter entirely. For those GPA does matter. A lot. Rochester does have some pretty strict curves in intro level ...Grad schools know Williams is Williams. But I donā€™t think you are at risk for failure or for many Cā€™s, barring personal emotional or study habit difficulties. It seems safe to say that grades of C or lower seem relatively rare. Yes, you can get an A with hard work. There is not really grade deflation, just a high level of challenge.I'd avoid grade deflation at all costs. Reply reply ... r/ApplyingToCollege is the premier forum for college admissions questions, advice, and discussions, from college essays and scholarships to SAT/ACT test prep, career guidance, and more. Members Online.Don't discount the value of pass/fail first semester.</p>. lockn March 16, 2009, 2:14pm 4. <p>MIT's average gpa is around 3.3, while GA tech's is less than 3.1. Of course, if the MIT student body went to GA they would have much better grades, but MIT's deflation is exaggerated. You just have to work much harder. </p>.neuchimie May 1, 2009, 6:20pm 2. <p>Northeastern typically uses a grade inflation, especially for sciences. The amount depends on the class. I had one class that made the average of the class a B+, and one class that made the average be C (it wasnā€™t really deflation, it was just sort of how the grades already were).</p>.<p>hokie10 - D's a junior pre-med biochem major, but came in with lots of AP credit so she skipped the intro science classes and most distribution requirements. However, the few academic classes she took (especially art history) were very demanding.</p>It's all relative, but grade deflation means it's harder to earn As and even Bs compared to similar institutions for similarly rigorous work. It's bad because, presumably, you'll get lower grades at that school than if you went to another school even if you submit the same level of quality work with the same amount of effort. Grade deflation colleges, The Real Problem With Grade Inflation. Paul N. Courant, a professor of economics and public policy at the U. of Michigan. For about a decade, Princeton University took a controversial stand ..., An example of a grade deflation remnant, though, is the math department (which you'll need some multivariable course to enter the econ department). Intro math course exams are now way harder to counteract the lack of grade deflation. ... I'd say it's "grade-neutral" whereas other colleges like Harvard have grade inflation. Reply reply, 13 Mar 2015 ... In the grade inflation arms race, Wellesley disarmed unilaterally. As grades at the private liberal arts college fell after the policy change, ..., <p>Note that the most grade inflated schools also tend to be the most selective schools. Grade inflation is what makes a GPA from a state school semi-comparable to a GPA from Harvard. If Harvard and the state school had the same amount of grade inflation/deflation, a 3.2 at Harvard would equal a 4.0 at the state school., The only school on this list which has grade deflation is Cornell and thatā€™s only in the engineering school and a couple of other programs- certainly not Psych in Arts and Sciences. ... ^^by definition, some school (of the ~3,000 four year colleges) has to have the highest mean GPA., Good grades come with good work, and graduate and professional programs look for that good work. </p>. <p>That said, I've come to the conclusion that Smith has grade INFLATION rather than deflation. The top ten percent of the class of 2010 had four-year GPAs of 3.8 and above. Most of those majored in the humanities and social sciences - it ..., Jun 11, 2012 Ā· some only give a 4.0 for a 98-100, not the traditional 90-100. some strong pre-med schools just don't give a's. EXCEPT for truly exceptional work, meaning the top grade in a class could be a B. Penn, Duke, Austin College, Wash U, etc. seem, AND I MAY BE WRONG! have this reputation. , This thread is about grade deflation. Move any other conversations to PM or to a new thread. 2 Likes. ... Top 20 colleges admit approx. 36 000 freshmen yearly (see table below according to WSJ-THE rankings). It's no wonder some valedictorians go to other schools. Especially when athletes, legacies, under-represented minorities etc. are a ..., It does practice grade deflation but Wake Forest applicants are still accepted to medical school at twice the national average (for c/o 2006). What wake will do is include both the "average" GPA for the school and what percent of students make the deans list when they report your GPA to medical school admissions., Grade deflation at UMich CoE. Colleges and Universities A-Z University of Michigan. kilojoule January 26, 2011, 8:18am 1. <p>Hi guys im new to this forum and still trying to get used to the functions here.</p>. <p>Um well i am planning to apply for UMich CoE, possibly civil engineering, but ive heard some really scary stuff about UMich CoE ..., From the 1970s to the 1990s, the share of students leaving college with a degree steadily declined. But according to a paper in the American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, the trend since then has taken a turn for the better. Authors Jeffrey T. Denning, Eric R. Eide, Kevin J. Mumford, Richard W. Patterson, and Merrill Warnick ā€¦, UC Berkeley grade inflation: These majors are seeing biggest jumps in GPA. Distribution of grades in undergraduate courses at UC Berkeley in each calendar ā€¦, Low-grade depression symptoms are considered less intense than severe depression. Treatment is available to reduce your symptoms and help you cope. A person with low-grade depressi..., An A is a grade reserved for a master of a subject, unlike high school where you could semi-know a subject and get an A." On College Confidential, MIT has a reputation among engineering schools -- which are notorious for their extreme emphasis on advanced problem solving and intricate mathematical logic -- for lower GPAs due to grade deflation., Colleges With Grade Inflation and Deflation. Of course, what you really want to know is which colleges practice grade inflation and which practice deflation. It is difficult to answer this question concretely, as the amount of grade inflation fluctuates between departments, professors, and classes at any given school., Undergraduate grade distributions at Duke have risen steadily through the 2022-23 academic year, furthering trends of high grade point averages across Trinity College of Arts & Sciences and the ..., Reed College recently attached a sheet to transcripts explaining the college's academic philosophy and mean GPA of 2.9. On the other hand, three years ago, the University of Virginia Law School re-centered the mean grade from a 3.0 to a 3.3., Pretty much this. Cal doesn't really have grade deflation except for a few courses where the professor is unusually harsh. 20-30% A+/A/A- is what people usually compare grade inflation/deflation to. Many Cal classes give a lot more than that, like 50% is not uncommon.</p>, Generally, students who attend these grade deflation schools might have GPA's of 3.3-3.4 but those students also usually have DAT scores of 20+. DAT is what standardizes everyone at the end. ... Coming from a college that notoriously deflated grades, working like a dog in undergrad, and scoring in the 99 percentile with not much effort on the ..., Hi there! As a parent with a child at a college where grade deflation is quite prevalent, I can share a bit about our experience. Grade deflation can mean that it's harder to achieve the highest grades, but it's important to know that graduate schools and employers are often aware of the schools where this is common and take it into account ..., Itā€™s claimed that WashU is a grade deflator, but 3.5 average GPA should not discourage students. sgopal2 March 14, 2019, 2:03pm 4. Average of 3.52 sounds pretty darn good. There are other schools who are more known for deflating: Princeton, MIT and UChicago come to mind. bobsaget2000 May 20, 2019, 2:08pm 5., <p> [quote] I also have to point out that grade inflation has nothing to do with difficulty of program, and that it's not always easy to get A's at Harvard, either. One of my friends, a Harvard linguistics concentrator who is now pursuing a PhD at Chicago, said that the first time she got straight A's was her first quarter of school-- at Chicago. [/quote] </p> <p>Yeah, but you're presuming the ..., The mean grade point average was 3.7 out of 4.0, also an increase over prepandemic years. ... G.P.A.s have been increasing at colleges nationwide by about 0.1 per decade since the early 1980s, he ..., BUBailey December 22, 2010, 7:35pm 9. <p>I just think the whole grade deflation thing is overblown. I'm in law school now and we all just accept that only 5 students in our class will get As. Grades are the main way of separating the top students. I've posted this on here before, but rank-ordering is crucial in life., 2 Jan 2019 ... ... grade deflation (or a grading curve). Take ... grading policies of so many colleges. In ... Why colleges hold their grade distributions tightly ..., The first major update in seven years of a database on grade inflation has found that grades continue to rise and that A is the most common grade earned at all kinds of colleges. Since the last significant release of the survey, faculty members at Princeton University and Wellesley College, among other institutions, have debated ways to limit grade inflation, despite criticism from some ..., Are you curious about how different colleges handle grading policies, especially for premed programs? Do you want to know which schools have grade inflation and which ones have grade deflation? Check out this discussion forum where students and parents share their opinions and experiences on the Ivies and other top schools., The general consensus was yes, you will be graded to a higher standard than at many other institutions. For example, I took two Penn classes while at Bryn Mawr and the work I did wouldā€™ve probably earned me 3.7s at BMC, but I got 4.0s at Penn. At Bryn Mawr, I found that 3.7 was really quality work, but 4.0s were reserved for exceptional work., merc81 January 5, 2021, 9:08am 2. Reed in most ways represents the qualities associated with a top-level college education (as one indicator, see first link below). With respect to potential drawbacks and uncertainties, Reed's curriculum is fairly narrow (e.g., no geosciences department or creative writing concentration) for students who ..., <p>I personally have always held that the far more interesting question is regarding intra-university grade deflation: why do STEM courses tend to be graded far more harshly than are humanities courses within the same university? </p> <p>Hence, the more relevant answer to the OP's question is where can he obtain higher grades in the pre-med requirements.</p>, Grade deflation is rare, if not non-existent. The phrase is almost an oxymoron. On the other hand, grade inflation is very common in high schools and most colleges. At RPI, grade inflation is not the norm and the faculty takes great pride in that. Also, "the rest of the world" (meaning grad schools and potential employers) knows this and ..., If you search for grade deflation, you'll come up with a bunch of threads, including multiple where I've commented. Answer is: yes, there is grade deflation. 100% true. I've advised other pre-med focused students that if they want to prioritize getting As/a "perfect" GPA, that BU may not be the right school for them. You CAN get a very good GPA at BU if you work really, really hard ..., People get into really good grad schools (check out the 2014-2018 Senior Surveys ) Take a look at this chart of the GPA cutoffs to be a "Pomona Scholar" which is an honor awarded to the top 25% each semester. Pomona uses a 12.0 GPA system so divide by 3 to convert to the usual 4.0. The point is that Pomona has high grade inflation.